Liraglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog with 97% amino acid sequence homology to endogenous GLP-1. It functions through several key mechanisms:
- Insulin Secretion: Liraglutide binds to GLP-1 receptors on pancreatic beta cells, promoting glucose-dependent insulin secretion to lower blood glucose levels.
- Inhibition of Glucagon Secretion: It reduces the secretion of glucagon, thereby decreasing hepatic glucose production.
- Delayed Gastric Emptying: Liraglutide slows down gastric emptying, reducing the rapid absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract.
- Appetite Regulation: By acting on the central appetite regulation centers in the brain, liraglutide suppresses appetite and increases satiety, leading to reduced food intake.
- Beta-Cell Protection: Liraglutide helps protect pancreatic beta-cell function by promoting beta-cell proliferation and reducing apoptosis.
Applications
Liraglutide is primarily used for:
- Type 2 Diabetes Treatment: It helps regulate blood glucose levels, reduces HbA1c, and lowers the risk of diabetes-related complications.
- Obesity Management: Approved for the treatment of obesity, liraglutide aids in weight loss by suppressing appetite and reducing food intake.
- Cardiovascular Protection: Some studies suggest that liraglutide may offer cardiovascular benefits.
Dosage Instructions
- For Type 2 Diabetes:The initial dose is typically 0.6 mg once daily, administered via subcutaneous injection.After one week, the dose can be increased to 1.2 mg daily, with a maximum recommended dose of 1.8 mg per day.
- For Obesity Treatment:The usual dose is 3.0 mg once daily, administered via subcutaneous injection.It is recommended to inject at the same time each day to maintain stable drug levels.
Storage
- Unopened Liraglutide: Should be stored refrigerated (2°C to 8°C) and protected from freezing.
- Opened Liraglutide: Can be stored at room temperature (not exceeding 25°C) for up to 28 days after opening.
- Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and high temperatures, and keep the medication out of reach of children and pets.
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